Subject-Specific Twin Model of the Human Foot to Improve Foot and Ankle Surgery

It is well known that most of the current studies available to support clinical care ankle as a subspecialty offers a variety of reasons why this may be the case. in foot and ankle pathologies are low-level studies. The nature of foot and First, in comparison to the other main joints of the lower limb, the foot and ankle is a highly complex structure composed of 28 bones, 34 synovial joints, and hundreds of ligaments and muscles. Secondly, the foot is the only point of contact with the ground supporting the weight of the entire body and balancing forces during bipedal locomotion. Third, unlike many other musculoskeletal subdisciplines (or orthopaedic subdisciplines) there are numerous distinct individual pathologies affecting the foot and ankle. Lastly, the assessment of foot motor performance has been impeded for decades because of the simplified representation of the foot as a unique functional entity. The development of three-dimensional multi-segment foot models has partially tackled this major shortcoming and showed their clinical value for the detection of intrinsic foot impairments. However, these foot models are still a simplified representation of the foot where several bones are combined to a defined number of functional segments.